Results for 'Ruth M. Lunn'

933 found
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  1.  55
    The IARC Monographs: Updated procedures for modern and transparent evidence synthesis in cancer hazard identification.Jonathan M. Samet, Weihsueh A. Chiu, Vincent Cogliano, Jennifer Jinot, David Kriebel, Ruth M. Lunn, Frederick A. Beland, Lisa Bero, Patience Browne, Lin Fritschi, Jun Kanno, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Qing Lan, Gérard Lasfargues, Frank Le Curieux, Susan Peters, Pamela Shubat, Hideko Sone, Mary C. White, Jon Williamson, Marianna Yakubovskaya, Jack Siemiatycki, Paul A. White, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, Amy L. Hall, Yann Grosse, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Béatrice Lauby-Secretan, Bruce Armstrong, Rodolfo Saracci, Jiri Zavadil, Kurt Straif & Christopher P. Wild - unknown
    The Monographs produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) apply rigorous procedures for the scientific review and evaluation of carcinogenic hazards by independent experts. The Preamble to the IARC Monographs, which outlines these procedures, was updated in 2019, following recommendations of a 2018 expert Advisory Group. This article presents the key features of the updated Preamble, a major milestone that will enable IARC to take advantage of recent scientific and procedural advances made during the 12 years since (...)
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  2.  86
    Presupposition and the delimitation of semantics.Ruth M. Kempson - 1975 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In this book, first published in 1975, Dr Kempson argues that previous work on presupposition - whether in philosophy or linguistics - has been mistakenly based on a conflation of two different disciplines: semantics, the study of the meanings assigned to the formal system which constitutes a language, and pragmatics, the study of the use of that system in communication. The first part of the book deals generally with the nature of semantics in linguistic theory and its formal representation within (...)
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  3.  64
    Suppressing valid inferences with conditionals.Ruth M. J. Byrne - 1989 - Cognition 31 (1):61-83.
    Three experiments are reported which show that in certain contexts subjects reject instances of the valid modus ponens and modus tollens inference form in conditional arguments. For example, when a conditional premise, such as: If she meets her friend then she will go to a play, is accompanied by a conditional containing an additional requirement: If she has enough money then she will go to a play, subjects reject the inference from the categorical premise: She meets her friend, to the (...)
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  4.  29
    Law and ethics.Ruth M. Todd - 2007 - Nursing Philosophy 8 (4):297–298.
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  5.  26
    An Index of References to Claims in Spinoza’s Ethics.Ruth M. Mattern - 1979 - Philosophy Research Archives 5:259-274.
    This index gives the location of each reference in Spinoza's Ethics to every axiom, definition, corollary, scholium, and proposition in that work.
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  6.  39
    Studies in Cognitive Development: Essays in Honour of Jean Piaget.Ruth M. Beard, David Elkind & John H. Flavell - 1970 - British Journal of Educational Studies 18 (1):93.
  7.  28
    The Source and Significance of "The Jew and the Pagan".Ruth M. Ames - 1957 - Mediaeval Studies 19 (1):37-47.
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  8. In Practice: True North.Ruth M. Farrell - forthcoming - Hastings Center Report.
     
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  9. Semantic theory.Ruth M. Kempson - 1977 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Semantics is a bridge discipline between linguistics and philosophy; but linguistics student are rarely able to reach that bridge, let alone cross it to inspect and assess the activity on the other side. Professor Kempson's textbook seeks particularly to encourage such exchanges. She deals with the standard linguistic topics like componential analysis, semantic universals and the syntax-semantics controversy. But she also provides for students with no training in philosophy or logic an introduction to such central topics in the philosophy of (...)
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  10.  47
    Can valid inferences be suppressed?Ruth M. J. Byrne - 1991 - Cognition 39 (1):71-78.
  11.  17
    Montaigne, Des boyteux and the Question of Causality.Ruth M. Calder - 1983 - Bibliothèque d'Humanisme Et Renaissance 45 (3):445-460.
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  12.  38
    Has Mysticism a Moral Value?Ruth M. Gordon - 1920 - International Journal of Ethics 31 (1):66-83.
  13.  51
    The influence of reward associations on conflict processing in the Stroop task.Marty G. Woldorff Ruth M. Krebs, Carsten N. Boehler - 2010 - Cognition 117 (3):341.
  14.  4
    Dynamics of Hierarchy in African Thought.Ruth M. Lucier - 1989 - Listening 24 (1):29-40.
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  15.  42
    Science, Stewardship, and Earth.Ruth M. Lucier - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 23:71-75.
    In this paper I discuss two views that focus on the natural environment, namely (1) a western or “W” view (hereafter W) basedloosely on the kind of liberal outlook offered by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice and (2) a primal or “P” view (hereafter, P) stemming from environmental teachings of primal peoples. I suggest that while the W tradition has produced many truly helpful and comfortable amenities, it is nevertheless oriented toward commitments to resource acquisition and “detached” objectivity (...)
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  16. Ambiguity and quantification.Ruth M. Kempson & Annabel Cormack - 1980 - Linguistics and Philosophy 4 (2):259 - 309.
    In the opening sections of this paper, we defined ambiguity in terms of distinct sentences (for a single sentence-string) with, in particular, distinct sets of truth conditions for the corresponding negative sentence-string. Lexical vagueness was defined as equivalent to disjunction, for under conditions of the negation of a sentence-string containing such an expression, all the relevant more specific interpretations of the string had also to be negated. Yet in the case of mixed quantification sentences, the strengthened, more specific, interpretations of (...)
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  17.  68
    Education, gender and the nature/culture controversy.Ruth M. Jonathan - 1983 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 17 (1):5–20.
    Ruth M Jonathan; Education, Gender and the Nature/Culture Controversy, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 17, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 5–20, https://.
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  18.  49
    Moral hindsight for good actions and the effects of imagined alternatives to reality.Ruth M. J. Byrne & Shane Timmons - 2018 - Cognition 178 (C):82-91.
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  19.  37
    Exploring social influences on the joint Simon task: empathy and friendship.Ruth M. Ford & Bradley Aberdein - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  20.  74
    Mental Representations: The Interface between Language and Reality.Ruth M. Kempson (ed.) - 1988 - Cambridge University Press.
    This dynamic collection provides an overview of the relationship between linguistic form and interpretation as exemplified by the most influential of these ...
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  21.  51
    (1 other version)Testimony and intellectual virtues in Hume’s epistemology.Ruth M. Espinosa - 2019 - Trans/Form/Ação 42 (4):29-46.
    : In this paper, I consider some issues concerning Hume’s epistemology of testimony. I’ll particularly focus on the accusation of reductivism and individualism brought by scholars against Hume’s view on testimonial evidence, based on the tenth section of his An enquiry concerning human understanding. I first explain the arguments against Hume’s position, and address some replies in the literature in order to offer an alternative interpretation concerning the way such a defense should go. My strategy is closely connected with Hume’s (...)
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  22.  49
    Two concepts of education? A reply to D. J. O'Connor.Ruth M. Jonathan - 1982 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 16 (2):147–154.
    Ruth M Jonathan; Two Concepts of Education? A reply to D. J. O’Connor, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 16, Issue 2, 30 May 2006, Pages 147–154, https.
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  23.  31
    Illness.Ruth M. Todd - 2009 - Nursing Philosophy 10 (3):225-226.
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  24.  68
    Balancing Risks: The Core of Women's Decisions About Noninvasive Prenatal Testing.Ruth M. Farrell, Patricia K. Agatisa, Mary Beth Mercer, Marissa B. Smith & Elliot Philipson - 2015 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 6 (1):42-53.
  25.  16
    An ethics committee explores restraint use and practices.Wayne Vaught & Ruth M. Lamdan - 1998 - HEC Forum 10 (3-4):306-316.
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  26.  50
    Emerging Ethical Issues in Reproductive Medicine: Are Bioethics Educators Ready?.Ruth M. Farrell, Jonathan S. Metcalfe, Michelle L. McGowan, Kathryn L. Weise, Patricia K. Agatisa & Jessica Berg - 2014 - Hastings Center Report 44 (5):21-29.
    Advocates for the professionalization of clinical bioethics argue that bioethics professionals play an important role in contemporary medicine and patient care, especially when addressing complex ethical questions that arise in the delivery of reproductive medicine. For bioethics consultants to serve effectively, they need adequate training in the medical and ethical issues that patients and clinicians will face, and they need skills to facilitate effective dialog among all parties. Because clinical ethics consultation is a “high‐stakes endeavor” that can acutely affect patient (...)
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  27. Early intervention and the growth of children's fluid intelligence: A cognitive developmental perspective.Ruth M. Ford - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (2):133-134.
    From the stance of cognitive developmental theories, claims that general g is an entity of the mind are compatible with notions about domain-general development and age-invariant individual differences. Whether executive function is equated with general g or fluid g, research into the mechanisms by which development occurs is essential to elucidate the kinds of environmental inputs that engender effective intervention. (Published Online April 5 2006).
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  28.  81
    Quantification and pragmatics.Ruth M. Kempson & Annabel Cormack - 1980 - Linguistics and Philosophy 4 (4):607 - 618.
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  29.  85
    Philosophy of linguistics.Ruth M. Kempson, Tim Fernando & Nicholas Asher (eds.) - 2012 - Boston: North Holland.
    Philosophy of Linguistics investigates the foundational concepts and methods of linguistics, the scientific study of human language. This groundbreaking collection, the most thorough treatment of the philosophy of linguistics ever published, brings together philosophers, scientists and historians to map out both the foundational assumptions set during the second half of the last century and the unfolding shifts in perspective in which more functionalist perspectives are explored. The opening chapter lays out the philosophical background in preparation for the papers that follow, (...)
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  30.  48
    Education in a destitute time[1]. (A heideggarian approach to the problem of education in the age of modern technology).Ruth M. Jonathan - 1983 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 17 (1):21–33.
    Michael Bonnett; Education in a Destitute Time[1], Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 17, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 21–33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1.
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  31. Semantics, Pragmatics, and Natural-Language Interpretation.Ruth M. Kempson - 1996 - In Shalom Lappin, The handbook of contemporary semantic theory. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Reference. pp. 561--598.
  32. Ex 0.Paul Bertelson, Ruth M. J. Byrne, Stanislas Dehaene, Ruma Falk, Gerd Gigerenzer, Klaus Hug, Phillip N. Johnson-Laird, Susan Jones, Peter W. Jusczyk & Barbara Landau - 1992 - Cognition 43:2.
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  33.  31
    True North.Ruth M. Farrell - 2009 - Hastings Center Report 39 (2):9-10.
  34.  49
    General anesthesia: An extreme form of chemical and physical restraint. [REVIEW]Ruth M. Lamdan, Ziauddin Ahmed & Jean Lee - 1998 - HEC Forum 10 (3-4):317-322.
  35.  11
    La protección de los derechos sociales por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos || The protection of Social Rights by the European Court of Human Rights.Ruth M. Mestre I. Mestre - 2016 - Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía Del Derecho 33:113-132.
    Resumen: El artículo contribuye al esfuerzo colectivo de mostrar que la tutela judicial de los derechos sociales es posible analizando la jurisprudencia reciente del TEDH. Propone la reconstrucción de una teoría unitaria de los derechos y analiza dos de los obstáculos para consolidarla: la diferencia entre las obligaciones que establecen los derechos civiles y los sociales, y la tesis de la justiciabilidad débil. Para contrastarlos, por un lado, se identifican algunos caminos que el TEDH ha elaborado a través de una (...)
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  36.  44
    The Relation between Psychological States and Acculturation among the Tanaina and Upper Tanana Indians of Alaska: An Ethnographic and Rorschach Study.L. Bryce Boyer, Ruth M. Boyer, Charles W. Dithrich, Hillie Harned, Arthur E. Hippler, John S. Stone & Andrea Walt - 1989 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 17 (4):450-479.
  37.  93
    Croisade contre la différence: le règne de la "terreur linquistique".Ruth M. Mésavage & Sylvain Massé - 1990 - Bulletin de la Société Américaine de Philosophie de Langue Française 2 (1-2):3-22.
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  38.  56
    Facts and Possibilities: A Model‐Based Theory of Sentential Reasoning.Sangeet S. Khemlani, Ruth M. J. Byrne & Philip N. Johnson-Laird - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (6):1887-1924.
    This article presents a fundamental advance in the theory of mental models as an explanation of reasoning about facts, possibilities, and probabilities. It postulates that the meanings of compound assertions, such as conditionals (if) and disjunctions (or), unlike those in logic, refer to conjunctions of epistemic possibilities that hold in default of information to the contrary. Various factors such as general knowledge can modulate these interpretations. New information can always override sentential inferences; that is, reasoning in daily life is defeasible (...)
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  39.  24
    Understanding Stigmatisation: Results of a Qualitative Formative Study with Adolescents and Adults in DR Congo.Kim Hartog, Ruth M. H. Peters & Mark J. D. Jordans - 2022 - Foundations of Science 27 (2):805-828.
    While stigmatisation is universal, stigma research in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is limited. LMIC stigma research predominantly concerns health-related stigma, primarily regarding HIV/AIDS or mental illness from an adult perspective. While there are commonalities in stigmatisation, there are also contextual differences. The aim of this study in DR Congo (DRC), as a formative part in the development of a common stigma reduction intervention, was to gain insight into the commonalities and differences of stigma drivers (triggers of stigmatisation), facilitators (factors (...)
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  40. The effectiveness of matching language to enhance perceived empathy.Bulent Turan & Ruth M. Stemberger - 2000 - Communication and Cognition. Monographies 33 (3-4):287-300.
     
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  41.  87
    Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference.Philip Johnson-Laird & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 2002 - Psychological Review 109 (4):646-678.
    The authors outline a theory of conditionals of the form If A then C and If A then possibly C. The 2 sorts of conditional have separate core meanings that refer to sets of possibilities. Knowledge, pragmatics, and semantics can modulate these meanings. Modulation can add information about temporal and other relations between antecedent and consequent. It can also prevent the construction of possibilities to yield 10 distinct sets of possibilities to which conditionals can refer. The mental representation of a (...)
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  42.  13
    The effects of scopolamine on preexposure to a learning apparatus.Michael J. Grant & Ruth M. Grant - 1973 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1 (4):238-240.
  43.  46
    Thinking About the Opposite of What Is Said: Counterfactual Conditionals and Symbolic or Alternate Simulations of Negation.Orlando Espino & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (8):2459-2501.
    When people understand a counterfactual such as “if the flowers had been roses, the trees would have been orange trees,” they think about the conjecture, “there were roses and orange trees,” and they also think about its opposite, the presupposed facts. We test whether people think about the opposite by representing alternates, for example, “poppies and apple trees,” or whether models can contain symbols, for example, “no roses and no orange trees.” We report the discovery of an inference‐to‐alternates effect—a tendency (...)
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  44.  26
    The Ethics of Access: Who Is Offered a Cesarean Delivery, and Why?Steven J. Ralston & Ruth M. Farrell - 2015 - Hastings Center Report 45 (6):15-19.
    Much of the discourse in the bioethics literature on what is often called “cesarean delivery on maternal request” has focused on balancing respect for patient autonomy with attention to the short- and long-term risks of this procedure to maternal and neonatal well-being. And while there has been some analysis of the social and economic costs inherent in performing cesareans, much of the clinical and ethical analysis has concluded that, given the degree of risk to the mother and neonate from a (...)
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  45.  55
    La Ciudadanía de Las Mujeres: El Espacio de Las Necesidades a la Luz Del Derecho Antidiscriminatorio y la Participación Política.Ruth M. Mestre I. Mestre - 2013 - Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez 45:147-166.
    The actual “crisis of care” in western societies highlights the limits of a sex/gender based citizenship and the persistence of the subordination of women. The fact that women are responsible for the provision of care in domestic units has never been a matter of difference but a matter of subordination against which we have developed legal strategies, such as anti-discrimination law, and political strategies, such as increasing the presence of women in decision-making. The paper shows some of these strategies and (...)
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  46.  38
    Design, objectives, execution and reporting of published open‐label extension studies.Bowers Megan, Ruth M. Pickering & Mark Weatherall - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (2):209-215.
  47.  38
    The Suppression of Inferences From Counterfactual Conditionals.Orlando Espino & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (4):e12827.
    We examine two competing effects of beliefs on conditional inferences. The suppression effect occurs for conditionals, for example, “if she watered the plants they bloomed,” when beliefs about additional background conditions, for example, “if the sun shone they bloomed” decrease the frequency of inferences such as modus tollens (from “the plants did not bloom” to “therefore she did not water them”). In contrast, the counterfactual elevation effect occurs for counterfactual conditionals, for example, “if she had watered the plants they would (...)
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  48.  27
    “If only” counterfactual thoughts about cooperative and uncooperative decisions in social dilemmas.Stefania Pighin, Ruth M. J. Byrne & Katya Tentori - 2022 - Thinking and Reasoning 28 (2):193-225.
    We examined how people think about how things could have turned out differently after they made a decision to cooperate or not in three social interactions: the Prisoner’s dilemma (Experiment 1), the Stag Hunt dilemma (Experiment 2), and the Chicken game (Experiment 3). We found that participants who took part in the game imagined the outcome would have been different if a different decision had been made by the other player, not themselves; they did so whether the outcome was good (...)
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  49. The mental representation of what might have been.Clare R. Walsh & Ruth M. J. Bryne - 2005 - In David R. Mandel, Denis J. Hilton & Patrizia Catellani, The psychology of counterfactual thinking. New York: Routledge.
  50.  94
    Spontaneous counterfactual thoughts and causal explanations.Alice McEleney & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 2006 - Thinking and Reasoning 12 (2):235 – 255.
    We report two Experiments to compare counterfactual thoughts about how an outcome could have been different and causal explanations about why the outcome occurred. Experiment 1 showed that people generate counterfactual thoughts more often about controllable than uncontrollable events, whereas they generate causal explanations more often about unexpected than expected events. Counterfactual thoughts focus on specific factors, whereas causal explanations focus on both general and specific factors. Experiment 2 showed that in their spontaneous counterfactual thoughts, people focus on normal events (...)
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